Comparison of Programming Languages

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(also testing out using a "?" in cells that haven't been completed or are otherwise unknown)
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system#Compatibility:_equivalence_and_subtyping Compatibility Among Composite Types]
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system#Compatibility:_equivalence_and_subtyping Compatibility Among Composite Types]
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| {{wikitable-td}} name-based
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system#Type_checking Type Checking]
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system#Type_checking Type Checking]
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! {{wikitable-th}} 8 bit ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte byte]) Signed
 
! {{wikitable-th}} 8 bit ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte byte]) Signed
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! {{wikitable-th}} 16 bit ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_integer short integer]) Unsigned
 
! {{wikitable-th}} 16 bit ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_integer short integer]) Unsigned
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| {{wikitable-td}} ushort
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} 32 bit Unsigned
 
! {{wikitable-th}} 32 bit Unsigned
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| {{wikitable-td}} uint
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} 64 bit [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_integer long integer]) Unsigned
 
! {{wikitable-th}} 64 bit [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_integer long integer]) Unsigned
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| {{wikitable-td}} ulong
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} Arbitrarily Precise ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic bignum])
 
! {{wikitable-th}} Arbitrarily Precise ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic bignum])
 
| {{wikitable-td}} decimal
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array#Multi-dimensional_array multi-dimensional] fixed size array
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array#Multi-dimensional_array multi-dimensional] fixed size array
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| {{wikitable-td}} type[size<sub>1</sub>, size<sub>2</sub>,...]
 
| {{wikitable-td}} type[size<sub>1</sub>, size<sub>2</sub>,...]
 
| {{wikitable-td}} type[size<sub>1</sub>, size<sub>2</sub>,...]<br/>(note: currently these types of arrays can be created implicitly and used, but cannot be created explicitly)
 
| {{wikitable-td}} type[size<sub>1</sub>, size<sub>2</sub>,...]<br/>(note: currently these types of arrays can be created implicitly and used, but cannot be created explicitly)
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array#Multi-dimensional_array multi-dimensional] dynamic size array
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array#Multi-dimensional_array multi-dimensional] dynamic size array
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_(computer_science) Record] Simple Composite Types
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_(computer_science) Record] Simple Composite Types
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| {{wikitable-td}} struct name {type name;...}
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumerated_type Enumeration] Simple Composite Types
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumerated_type Enumeration] Simple Composite Types
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{{keypress|tab}} «item<sub>2</sub><br/>
 
{{keypress|tab}} «item<sub>2</sub><br/>
 
{{keypress|tab}} …»<br/>
 
{{keypress|tab}} …»<br/>
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| {{wikitable-td}} synonym = typeof(type)
 
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| {{wikitable-td}} using synonym = type;
 
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«default: instructions; «jump statement;»»
 
«default: instructions; «jump statement;»»
 
}</csharp>
 
}</csharp>
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_(programming)#If_expressions conditional expression]
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_(programming)#If_expressions conditional expression]
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_loop while]
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_loop while]
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_while_loop do while]
 
! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_while_loop do while]
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_loop for i = first to last]
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreach foreach]
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} assertion
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_(programming_language) label]
 
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! {{wikitable-th}} branch ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goto goto])
 
! {{wikitable-th}} branch ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goto goto])
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Revision as of 05:07, 19 August 2009


This is a comparison of the features and instructions of the three high-level programming languages offered by Unity: JavaScript, C#, and Boo.


Contents

Conventions of This Article

The bold is the literal code. The non-bold is interpreted by the reader. Statements in guillemets (« … ») are optional. tab indicates a necessary indent.

The following tables compare code differences of the Unity programming languages. See also the Comparison of Programming Languages for general information.


Features

The following tables compares major features of the Unity programming languages.

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
Paradigm(s)
Standardized Variation? Yes Yes, ECMA, ISO ECMA-334; ISO/IEC 23270:2006 No
Type Strength strong strong strong1
Type Safety safe safe safe
Expression of Types implicit with optional explicit typing explicit implicit with optional explicit typing
Compatibility Among Composite Types ? name-based ?
Type Checking static with optional dynamic typing static with optional dynamic typing static with optional dynamic typing

1 Normally Javascript in Unity uses type inference to statically type all variables when possible, in cases where the type is not explicitly stated. Dynamic typing can be forced if desired, and, in certain circumstances, dynamic typing is used unless forced otherwise. Use of the "#pragma strict" directive disables all dynamic typing.


Type Identifiers

Integer

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
8 bit (byte) Signed ? sbyte sbyte
8 bit (byte) Unsigned byte byte byte
16 bit (short integer) Signed short short short
16 bit (short integer) Unsigned ? ushort ushort
32 bit Signed int int int
32 bit Unsigned ? uint uint
64 bit (long integer) Signed long long long
64 bit long integer) Unsigned ? ulong ulong

Floating Point

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
Single Precision single float float
Double Precision double double double
Arbitrarily Precise (bignum) decimal ? ?


Other Types

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
Text Character N/A char char
Text String string string String
Boolean) bool bool boolean
Object/Universal) object object Object


Derived Types

Array

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
one-dimensional fixed size array (type) type[size] type[size]
multi-dimensional fixed size array ? type[size1, size2,...] type[size1, size2,...]
(note: currently these types of arrays can be created implicitly and used, but cannot be created explicitly)
one-dimensional dynamic size array List System.Collections.ArrayList
or
System.Collections.Generic.List<type> 		Array
or
System.Collections.ArrayList
multi-dimensional dynamic size array ? ? ?


Other Types

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
Record Simple Composite Types ? struct name {type name;...} ?
Enumeration Simple Composite Types

enum condition:
tab item1
tab «item2
tab …»

 ? ?

Basic Unity-Specific Types

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
array ? ? Array


Declarations

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
variable name = initial_value type name «= initial_value»; var name «= initial_value»;
constant final name = initial_value const type name = value; const name = value;
type synonym synonym = typeof(type) using synonym = type; ?


Flow of Control

Conditional Statements

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
if ? <csharp>if (condition) {instructions}

«else {instructions}»</csharp>

?
else if ? <csharp>if (condition) { instructions }

else if (condition) { instructions } … «else { instructions }»</csharp>

?
select case ? <csharp>switch (variable) {

case case1: instructions; «jump statement;» … «default: instructions; «jump statement;»» }</csharp>

?
conditional expression N/A condition ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse ?


Loop Statements

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
while ? ? ?
do while ? ? ?
for i = first to last ? ? ?
foreach ? ? ?


Exceptions

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
throw ? ? ?
handler ? ? ?
assertion ? ? ?


Other Flow of Control Statements

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
exit block(break) ? ? ?
continue ? ? ?
label ? ? ?
branch (goto) ? ? ?
return value from generator ? ? ?


Functions

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
calling a function ? ? ?
basic/void function ? ? ?
value-returning function ? ? ?


Type Conversions

Language Boo C# UnityScript/JavaScript
basic type to basic type ? ? ?
string to basic type ? ? ?
basic type to string ? ? ?
complex type to string ? ? ?
complex type to complex type ? ? ?


Programming Index

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