Mathfx

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Contents

Description

The following snippet provides short functions for floating point numbers. See the usage section for individualized information.

Usage

  • Hermite - This method will interpolate while easing in and out at the limits.
Graph of the Hermite function.
  • Sinerp - Short for 'sinusoidal interpolation', this method will interpolate while easing around the end, when value is near one.
Graph of the Sinerp function.
  • Coserp - Similar to Sinerp, except it eases in, when value is near zero, instead of easing out (and uses cosine instead of sine).
  • Berp - Short for 'boing-like interpolation', this method will first overshoot, then waver back and forth around the end value before coming to a rest.
Graph of the Berp function.
  • Bounce - Returns a value between 0 and 1 that can be used to easily make bouncing GUI items (a la OS X's Dock)
Graph of the Bounce function.
  • SmoothStep - Works like Lerp, but has ease-in and ease-out of the values.
  • Lerp - Short for 'linearly interpolate', this method is equivalent to Unity's Mathf.Lerp, included for comparison.
Graph of the Lerp function.
  • NearestPoint - Will return the nearest point on a line to a point. Useful for making an object follow a track.
  • NearestPointStrict - Works like NearestPoint except the end of the line is clamped.

History

  • Added Approx function for testing float value within an offset range. All thanks to Opless for this!
  • Clerp added by Jeff Craighead 10:51, 2 May 2008 (PDT)
  • Added JavaScript conversion

C# - Mathfx.cs 

using UnityEngine;
using System;
 
public class Mathfx
{
    public static float Hermite(float start, float end, float value)
    {
        return Mathf.Lerp(start, end, value * value * (3.0f - 2.0f * value));
    }
 
    public static float Sinerp(float start, float end, float value)
    {
        return Mathf.Lerp(start, end, Mathf.Sin(value * Mathf.PI * 0.5f));
    }
 
    public static float Coserp(float start, float end, float value)
    {
        return Mathf.Lerp(start, end, 1.0f - Mathf.Cos(value * Mathf.PI * 0.5f));
    }
 
    public static float Berp(float start, float end, float value)
    {
        value = Mathf.Clamp01(value);
        value = (Mathf.Sin(value * Mathf.PI * (0.2f + 2.5f * value * value * value)) * Mathf.Pow(1f - value, 2.2f) + value) * (1f + (1.2f * (1f - value)));
        return start + (end - start) * value;
    }
 
    public static float SmoothStep (float x, float min, float max) 
    {
        x = Mathf.Clamp (x, min, max);
        float v1 = (x-min)/(max-min);
        float v2 = (x-min)/(max-min);
        return -2*v1 * v1 *v1 + 3*v2 * v2;
    }
 
    public static float Lerp(float start, float end, float value)
    {
        return ((1.0f - value) * start) + (value * end);
    }
 
    public static Vector3 NearestPoint(Vector3 lineStart, Vector3 lineEnd, Vector3 point)
    {
        Vector3 lineDirection = Vector3.Normalize(lineEnd-lineStart);
        float closestPoint = Vector3.Dot((point-lineStart),lineDirection)/Vector3.Dot(lineDirection,lineDirection);
        return lineStart+(closestPoint*lineDirection);
    }
 
    public static Vector3 NearestPointStrict(Vector3 lineStart, Vector3 lineEnd, Vector3 point)
    {
        Vector3 fullDirection = lineEnd-lineStart;
        Vector3 lineDirection = Vector3.Normalize(fullDirection);
        float closestPoint = Vector3.Dot((point-lineStart),lineDirection)/Vector3.Dot(lineDirection,lineDirection);
        return lineStart+(Mathf.Clamp(closestPoint,0.0f,Vector3.Magnitude(fullDirection))*lineDirection);
    }
    public static float Bounce(float x) {
        return Mathf.Abs(Mathf.Sin(6.28f*(x+1f)*(x+1f)) * (1f-x));
    }
 
    // test for value that is near specified float (due to floating point inprecision)
    // all thanks to Opless for this!
    public static bool Approx(float val, float about, float range) {
        return ( ( Mathf.Abs(val - about) < range) );
    }
 
    // test if a Vector3 is close to another Vector3 (due to floating point inprecision)
    // compares the square of the distance to the square of the range as this 
    // avoids calculating a square root which is much slower than squaring the range
    public static bool Approx(Vector3 val, Vector3 about, float range) {
        return ( (val - about).sqrMagnitude < range*range);
    }
 
   /*
     * CLerp - Circular Lerp - is like lerp but handles the wraparound from 0 to 360.
     * This is useful when interpolating eulerAngles and the object
     * crosses the 0/360 boundary.  The standard Lerp function causes the object
     * to rotate in the wrong direction and looks stupid. Clerp fixes that.
     */
    public static float Clerp(float start , float end, float value){
        float min = 0.0f;
        float max = 360.0f;
        float half = Mathf.Abs((max - min)/2.0f);//half the distance between min and max
        float retval = 0.0f;
        float diff = 0.0f;
 
        if((end - start) < -half){
            diff = ((max - start)+end)*value;
			retval =  start+diff;
            }
            else if((end - start) > half){
                diff = -((max - end)+start)*value;
                retval =  start+diff;
            }
            else retval =  start+(end-start)*value;
 
            // Debug.Log("Start: "  + start + "   End: " + end + "  Value: " + value + "  Half: " + half + "  Diff: " + diff + "  Retval: " + retval);
            return retval;
        }
 
}

Js - Mathfx.js

I converted from the original C# format above. 

static function Hermite(start : float, end : float, value : float) : float
{
    return Mathf.Lerp(start, end, value * value * (3.0 - 2.0 * value));
}
 
static function Sinerp(start : float, end : float, value : float) : float
{
    return Mathf.Lerp(start, end, Mathf.Sin(value * Mathf.PI * 0.5));
}
 
static function Coserp(start : float, end : float, value : float) : float
{
    return Mathf.Lerp(start, end, 1.0 - Mathf.Cos(value * Mathf.PI * 0.5));
}
 
static function Berp(start : float, end : float, value : float) : float
{
    value = Mathf.Clamp01(value);
    value = (Mathf.Sin(value * Mathf.PI * (0.2 + 2.5 * value * value * value)) * Mathf.Pow(1 - value, 2.2) + value) * (1 + (1.2 * (1 - value)));
    return start + (end - start) * value;
}
 
static function SmoothStep (x : float, min : float, max : float) : float
{
    x = Mathf.Clamp (x, min, max);
    var v1 = (x-min)/(max-min);
    var v2 = (x-min)/(max-min);
    return -2*v1 * v1 *v1 + 3*v2 * v2;
}
 
static function Lerp(start : float, end : float, value : float) : float
{
    return ((1.0 - value) * start) + (value * end);
}
 
static function NearestPoint(lineStart : Vector3, lineEnd : Vector3, point : Vector3) : Vector3
{
    var lineDirection = Vector3.Normalize(lineEnd-lineStart);
    var closestPoint = Vector3.Dot((point-lineStart),lineDirection)/Vector3.Dot(lineDirection,lineDirection);
    return lineStart+(closestPoint*lineDirection);
}
 
static function NearestPointStrict(lineStart : Vector3, lineEnd : Vector3, point : Vector3) : Vector3
{
    var fullDirection = lineEnd-lineStart;
    var lineDirection = Vector3.Normalize(fullDirection);
    var closestPoint = Vector3.Dot((point-lineStart),lineDirection)/Vector3.Dot(lineDirection,lineDirection);
    return lineStart+(Mathf.Clamp(closestPoint,0.0,Vector3.Magnitude(fullDirection))*lineDirection);
}
static function Bounce(x : float) : float {
    return Mathf.Abs(Mathf.Sin(6.28*(x+1)*(x+1)) * (1-x));
}
 
// test for value that is near specified float (due to floating point inprecision)
// all thanks to Opless for this!
static function Approx(val : float, about : float, range : float) : boolean {
    return ( ( Mathf.Abs(val - about) < range) );
}
 
// test if a Vector3 is close to another Vector3 (due to floating point inprecision)
// compares the square of the distance to the square of the range as this 
// avoids calculating a square root which is much slower than squaring the range
static function Approx(val : Vector3, about : Vector3, range : float) : boolean {
   return ( (val - about).sqrMagnitude < range*range);
}
 
// CLerp - Circular Lerp - is like lerp but handles the wraparound from 0 to 360.
// This is useful when interpolating eulerAngles and the object
// crosses the 0/360 boundary.  The standard Lerp function causes the object
// to rotate in the wrong direction and looks stupid. Clerp fixes that.
static function Clerp(start : float, end : float, value : float) : float {
   var min = 0.0;
   var max = 360.0;
   var half = Mathf.Abs((max - min)/2.0);//half the distance between min and max
   var retval = 0.0;
   var diff = 0.0;
 
   if((end - start) < -half){
       diff = ((max - start)+end)*value;
       retval =  start+diff;
   }
   else if((end - start) > half){
       diff = -((max - end)+start)*value;
       retval =  start+diff;
   }
   else retval =  start+(end-start)*value;
 
   // Debug.Log("Start: "  + start + "   End: " + end + "  Value: " + value + "  Half: " + half + "  Diff: " + diff + "  Retval: " + retval);
   return retval;
}
</javascript>
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